一、 工程概況

　　1、 Project Overview

　　本項(xiàng)目為某地區(qū)新建一級(jí)公路，設(shè)計(jì)車速80km/h。根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)要求，路面基層采用厚度為36cm的水泥穩(wěn)定級(jí)配碎石，分兩層施工。為確保基層具有足夠的強(qiáng)度、良好的板體性和耐久性，需進(jìn)行科學(xué)的配合比設(shè)計(jì)。

　　This project is a new first-class highway in a certain area, with a design speed of 80km/h. According to the design requirements, the pavement base layer is constructed in two layers using cement stabilized graded crushed stone with a thickness of 36cm. To ensure that the grassroots has sufficient strength, good board performance, and durability, scientific mix design is necessary.

　　工程名稱：XX一級(jí)公路路面基層工程

　　Project name: XX first-class highway pavement base course project

　　結(jié)構(gòu)層：下基層（18cm）+ 上基層（18cm）

　　Structural layer: Lower base layer (18cm)+Upper base layer (18cm)

　　設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：7天無(wú)側(cè)限抗壓強(qiáng)度 ≥ 4.0 MPa

　　Design standard: 7-day unconfined compressive strength ≥ 4.0 MPa

　　設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)：

　　Design basis

　　1. 《公路路面基層施工技術(shù)細(xì)則》（JTG/T F20-2015）

　　1. Technical Guidelines for Construction of Highway Pavement Base (JTG/T F20-2015)

　　2. 《公路工程集料試驗(yàn)規(guī)程》（JTG E42-2005）

　　2. Test Code for Aggregates in Highway Engineering (JTG E42-2005)

　　3. 《公路工程無(wú)機(jī)結(jié)合料穩(wěn)定材料試驗(yàn)規(guī)程》（JTG E51-2009）

　　3. Test Code for Inorganic Bonding Material Stabilized Materials in Highway Engineering (JTG E51-2009)

　　二、 原材料選擇與檢驗(yàn)

　　2、 Raw material selection and inspection

　　配合比設(shè)計(jì)的基石是合格的原材料。我們對(duì)工程擬采用的原材料進(jìn)行了全面檢測(cè)。

　　The cornerstone of mix design is qualified raw materials. We have conducted a comprehensive inspection of the raw materials to be used in the project.

　　1. 水泥

　　1. Cement

　　品種與標(biāo)號(hào)：采用P.O 42.5級(jí)普通硅酸鹽水泥。

　　Variety and grade: P.O 42.5 grade ordinary Portland cement is used.

　　技術(shù)要求：初凝時(shí)間應(yīng)大于3小時(shí)，終凝時(shí)間應(yīng)大于6小時(shí)且小于10小時(shí)，穩(wěn)定性合格。

　　Technical requirements: The initial setting time should be greater than 3 hours, the final setting time should be greater than 6 hours and less than 10 hours, and the stability should be qualified.

　　檢測(cè)結(jié)果：經(jīng)檢測(cè)，所選用水泥各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)均滿足規(guī)范要求。

　　Test results: After testing, all indicators of the selected cement meet the specification requirements.

　　2. 碎石

　　2. Gravel

　　料源：本地某石料場(chǎng)生產(chǎn)的石灰?guī)r。

　　Material source: Limestone produced by a local quarry.

　　規(guī)格：采用4種規(guī)格集料進(jìn)行摻配：

　　Specifications: Four types of aggregate are used for blending:

　　1#料（19-31.5mm）

　　1 # material (19-31.5mm)

　　2#料（9.5-19mm）

　　Material # 2 (9.5-19mm)

　　3#料（4.75-9.5mm）

　　Material # 3 (4.75-9.5mm)

　　4#料（0-4.75mm）石屑

　　4 # material (0-4.75mm) stone chips

　　技術(shù)要求：壓碎值≤28%，針片狀含量≤18%，軟石含量≤5%。

　　Technical requirements: crushing value ≤ 28%, needle like content ≤ 18%, soft stone content ≤ 5%.

　　檢測(cè)結(jié)果：對(duì)各類集料進(jìn)行檢測(cè)，壓碎值為22%，針片狀含量為12%，均滿足規(guī)范要求。

　　Test results: Various types of aggregates were tested, with a crushing value of 22% and a needle like content of 12%, all of which meet the specification requirements.

　　3. 水

　　3. Water

　　采用潔凈的飲用水，符合工程用水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

　　Using clean drinking water that meets engineering water standards.

　　三、 目標(biāo)配合比設(shè)計(jì)

　　3、 Target mix design

　　步驟一：級(jí)配設(shè)計(jì)

　　Step 1: Grading Design

　　根據(jù)《JTG/T F20-2015》規(guī)范中對(duì)水泥穩(wěn)定碎石基層的級(jí)配范圍要求，結(jié)合本地材料特性，確定目標(biāo)級(jí)配。

　　According to the grading range requirements for cement stabilized crushed stone base in the JTG/T F20-2015 standard, combined with local material characteristics, the target grading is determined.

　　規(guī)范中級(jí)配范圍（基層）：

　　Standardize the scope of intermediate configuration (grassroots):

　　合成級(jí)配計(jì)算：

　　Composite gradation calculation:

　　通過試驗(yàn)和計(jì)算，確定各規(guī)格集料的摻配比例。

　　Determine the mixing ratio of each specification of aggregate through experiments and calculations.

　　建議比例：1#料 : 2#料 : 3#料 : 4#料 = 25% : 30% : 20% : 25%

　　Suggested ratio: 1 # material: 2 # material: 3 # material: 4 # material=25%: 30%: 20%: 25%

　　合成后級(jí)配：

　　Grading after synthesis:

　　結(jié)論：合成級(jí)配完全落在規(guī)范要求的范圍內(nèi)，且曲線圓滑，屬于優(yōu)良級(jí)配。

　　Conclusion: The composite grading completely falls within the range required by the specifications, and the curve is smooth, belonging to excellent grading.

　　步驟二：確定最佳含水量和最大干密度

　　Step 2: Determine the optimal moisture content and maximum dry density

　　采用重型擊實(shí)試驗(yàn)法。我們選擇了4個(gè)不同的水泥劑量（3.0%, 3.5%, 4.0%, 4.5%）進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。

　　Adopting the heavy compaction test method. We selected four different cement dosages (3.0%, 3.5%, 4.0%, 4.5%) for the experiment.

　　試驗(yàn)方法：對(duì)每種水泥劑量的混合料，配制5-6個(gè)不同含水量的試樣進(jìn)行擊實(shí)試驗(yàn)，繪制含水量-干密度曲線。

　　Test method: For each cement dosage mixture, prepare 5-6 samples with different moisture contents for compaction test, and draw the moisture content dry density curve.

　　試驗(yàn)結(jié)果匯總：

　　Summary of experimental results:

　　規(guī)律：隨著水泥劑量的增加，最大干密度略有增大，最佳含水量也相應(yīng)提高。

　　Rule: With the increase of cement dosage, the maximum dry density slightly increases, and the optimal moisture content also increases accordingly.

　　步驟三：無(wú)側(cè)限抗壓強(qiáng)度試驗(yàn)

　　Step 3: Unconfined compressive strength test

　　這是驗(yàn)證配合比是否滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求的核心環(huán)節(jié)。

　　This is the core step in verifying whether the mix proportion meets the design requirements.

　　試件制備：按上述確定的級(jí)配、最佳含水量和最大干密度，采用靜壓法成型Φ150mm × 150mm的圓柱體試件，每個(gè)水泥劑量制備13個(gè)試件（9個(gè)用于強(qiáng)度測(cè)定，4個(gè)備用）。

　　Preparation of test specimens: According to the determined grading, optimal moisture content, and maximum dry density, cylindrical specimens with a diameter of 150mm × 150mm were formed using static pressure method. Thirteen specimens were prepared for each cement dosage (nine for strength determination and four for backup).

　　養(yǎng)護(hù)與試驗(yàn)：試件在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)條件下（20±2°C，濕度≥95%）養(yǎng)護(hù)6天，浸水1天后，進(jìn)行無(wú)側(cè)限抗壓強(qiáng)度試驗(yàn)。

　　Maintenance and Testing: The specimen is cured for 6 days under standard conditions (20 ± 2 ° C, humidity ≥ 95%), and then immersed in water for 1 day before undergoing unconfined compressive strength testing.

　　強(qiáng)度結(jié)果：

　　Strength results:

　　說(shuō)明：Rd為設(shè)計(jì)強(qiáng)度4.0MPa，Zα取1.645（保證率95%），Cv為偏差系數(shù)（S/Rc）。

　　Explanation: Rd is the design strength of 4.0MPa, Z α is taken as 1.645 (guarantee rate of 95%), and Cv is the deviation coefficient (S/Rc).

　　步驟四：目標(biāo)配合比確定

　　Step 4: Determine the target mix ratio

　　經(jīng)濟(jì)與技術(shù)性比選：

　　Economic and technological comparison:

　　水泥劑量4.0%時(shí)，強(qiáng)度為5.1MPa，滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求（≥4.0MPa），且有一定富余。

　　When the cement dosage is 4.0%, the strength is 5.1 MPa, which meets the design requirements (≥ 4.0 MPa) and has a certain margin.

　　水泥劑量4.5%時(shí)，強(qiáng)度更高，但水泥用量增加，不經(jīng)濟(jì)，且水泥劑量過高易導(dǎo)致干縮裂縫增多。

　　When the cement dosage is 4.5%, the strength is higher, but increasing the cement dosage is uneconomical, and excessive cement dosage can easily lead to an increase in shrinkage cracks.

　　最終確定目標(biāo)配合比：

　　Final determination of target mix ratio:

　　集料比例： 1#料 : 2#料 : 3#料 : 4#料 = 25 : 30 : 20 : 25

　　Aggregate ratio: 1 # material: 2 # material: 3 # material: 4 # material=25:30:20:25

　　水泥劑量： 4.0% （外摻法，即水泥質(zhì)量占干集料總質(zhì)量的百分比）

　　Cement dosage: 4.0% (external mixing method, i.e. the percentage of cement mass to total dry aggregate mass)

　　最大干密度： 2.34 g/cm?

　　Maximum dry density: 2.34 g/cm?

　　最佳含水量： 5.6%

　　Best moisture content: 5.6%

　　四、 生產(chǎn)配合比驗(yàn)證與施工控制

　　4、 Production mix ratio verification and construction control

　　1. 生產(chǎn)配合比驗(yàn)證：在目標(biāo)配合比確定后，應(yīng)在拌和站進(jìn)行試拌。對(duì)熱料倉(cāng)的集料進(jìn)行篩分，調(diào)整冷料倉(cāng)的進(jìn)料比例，確保生產(chǎn)出的混合料級(jí)配與目標(biāo)級(jí)配基本一致。

　　1. Production mix proportion verification: After the target mix proportion is determined, trial mixing should be carried out at the mixing station. Screen the aggregate from the hot material bin, adjust the feeding ratio of the cold material bin, and ensure that the produced mixture has a gradation that is basically consistent with the target gradation.

　　2. 施工控制要點(diǎn)：

　　2. Key points of construction control:

　　含水量控制：施工時(shí)混合料的含水量應(yīng)略高于最佳含水量0.5%~1.0%，以補(bǔ)償運(yùn)輸和攤鋪過程中的水分損失，通?？刂圃?.0%~6.5%。

　　Moisture content control: During construction, the moisture content of the mixture should be slightly higher than the optimal moisture content by 0.5% to 1.0% to compensate for moisture loss during transportation and paving, usually controlled at 6.0% to 6.5%.

　　拌和均勻性：確保水泥分布均勻，無(wú)灰條、花白料。

　　Uniformity of mixing: Ensure that the cement is evenly distributed without any gray strips or white materials.

　　壓實(shí)：及時(shí)碾壓，采用合理的壓實(shí)工藝（如靜壓+弱振+強(qiáng)振+膠輪收面），確保壓實(shí)度達(dá)到98%以上。

　　Compaction: Timely compaction, using reasonable compaction techniques (such as static pressure+weak vibration+strong vibration+rubber wheel finishing) to ensure a compaction degree of over 98%.

　　養(yǎng)護(hù)：碾壓完成后立即覆蓋土工布或?yàn)⑺B(yǎng)護(hù)，保持表面濕潤(rùn)，養(yǎng)護(hù)期不少于7天。

　　Maintenance: Immediately cover with geotextile or sprinkle water for maintenance after compaction, keep the surface moist, and the maintenance period is not less than 7 days.

　　五、 結(jié)論

　　5、 Conclusion

　　通過本實(shí)例，我們系統(tǒng)性地完成了水泥穩(wěn)定級(jí)配碎石的配合比設(shè)計(jì)。最終確定的配合比為：集料比例25:30:20:25，水泥劑量4.0%，最佳含水量5.6%，最大干密度2.34 g/cm?。該配合比不僅滿足了設(shè)計(jì)強(qiáng)度要求，也兼顧了材料的抗裂性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性，為后續(xù)的大規(guī)模施工提供了可靠的技術(shù)依據(jù)。在實(shí)際施工中，必須根據(jù)原材料波動(dòng)和天氣情況，對(duì)含水量等參數(shù)進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)微調(diào)，以確保工程質(zhì)量萬(wàn)無(wú)一失。

　　Through this example, we systematically completed the mix design of cement stabilized graded crushed stone. The final determined mix ratio is: aggregate ratio of 25:30:20:25, cement dosage of 4.0%, optimal moisture content of 5.6%, and maximum dry density of 2.34 g/cm ??. This mix ratio not only meets the design strength requirements, but also takes into account the material's crack resistance and economy, providing a reliable technical basis for subsequent large-scale construction. In actual construction, it is necessary to dynamically adjust parameters such as moisture content based on fluctuations in raw materials and weather conditions to ensure the quality of the project is foolproof.

　　本文由  濟(jì)南水泥穩(wěn)定碎石 友情奉獻(xiàn).更多有關(guān)的知識(shí)請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊  http://www.seatostar.com/   真誠(chéng)的態(tài)度.為您提供為全面的服務(wù).更多有關(guān)的知識(shí)我們將會(huì)陸續(xù)向大家奉獻(xiàn).敬請(qǐng)期待.

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