行業(yè)資訊
濟(jì)南路面機(jī)械設(shè)備選型的關(guān)鍵因素
來源：http://www.seatostar.com/ 日期：2025-04-07
在城市道路建設(shè)和維護(hù)中，各類機(jī)械設(shè)備如同勤勞的 “鋼鐵工匠”，默默塑造著我們腳下的出行環(huán)境。這些看似笨重的機(jī)器，實(shí)則蘊(yùn)含著精密的工程學(xué)原理，在不同施工環(huán)節(jié)發(fā)揮著不可替代的作用。
In the construction and maintenance of urban roads, various types of mechanical equipment are like hardworking "steel craftsmen" silently shaping the travel environment under our feet. These seemingly bulky machines actually contain precise engineering principles and play an irreplaceable role in different construction stages.
一、核心設(shè)備的分工協(xié)作
1、 Division of labor and collaboration of core equipment
1. 攤鋪機(jī)：路面成型的 “畫布大師”
1. Paver: the "canvas master" of road surface shaping
攤鋪機(jī)通過螺旋布料器將瀝青混合料均勻攤鋪在路基上，形成平整的路面基層。某型號(hào)攤鋪機(jī)的振搗頻率可達(dá) 4000 次 / 分鐘，攤鋪厚度誤差控制在 ±2mm 以內(nèi)。在濟(jì)南經(jīng)十路改造中，攤鋪機(jī)每小時(shí)可攤鋪寬度 8 米、厚度 6 厘米的瀝青層，相當(dāng)于每分鐘鋪設(shè)一個(gè)籃球場(chǎng)大小的路面。
The paver evenly spreads the asphalt mixture on the roadbed through a spiral distributor, forming a smooth pavement base. The vibration frequency of a certain model of paver can reach 4000 times per minute, and the paving thickness error is controlled within ± 2mm. In the renovation of Jingshi Road in Jinan, the paver can spread an asphalt layer with a width of 8 meters and a thickness of 6 centimeters per hour, which is equivalent to laying a basketball court sized road surface every minute.
2. 壓路機(jī)：壓實(shí)質(zhì)量的 “重量專家”
2. Road roller: the "weight expert" of compaction quality
壓路機(jī)依靠自身重量或振動(dòng)功能，將松散的混合料壓實(shí)成緊密結(jié)構(gòu)。雙鋼輪壓路機(jī)適合初壓階段，通過 12-16 噸靜重消除攤鋪層空隙；輪胎壓路機(jī)則用于終壓，憑借 20-25 噸氣壓輪胎的揉搓作用，使路面達(dá)到 98% 以上的壓實(shí)度。某施工數(shù)據(jù)顯示，經(jīng)過壓路機(jī)處理的路面，承載能力比未壓實(shí)前提升 5 倍。
The roller relies on its own weight or vibration function to compact loose mixtures into a compact structure. Double drum rollers are suitable for the initial compaction stage, eliminating gaps in the paving layer through a static weight of 12-16 tons; The tire roller is used for final compaction, relying on the kneading effect of 20-25 ton pneumatic tires to achieve a compaction degree of over 98% on the road surface. According to certain construction data, the bearing capacity of the road surface treated with a roller has increased by 5 times compared to before compaction.
3. 銑刨機(jī)：病害修復(fù)的 “外科醫(yī)生”
3. Milling machine: the "surgeon" for disease repair
銑刨機(jī)通過旋轉(zhuǎn)刀頭將破損路面銑削成規(guī)則創(chuàng)面，最大銑刨深度可達(dá) 30 厘米。在濟(jì)南緯二路改造中，銑刨機(jī)每小時(shí)可處理 200 平方米病害路面，比人工鑿除效率提高 40 倍。銑削產(chǎn)生的廢舊材料可回收利用，再生利用率達(dá) 85% 以上。
The milling machine grinds damaged road surfaces into regular wounds by rotating the cutting head, with a maximum milling depth of up to 30 centimeters. In the renovation of Wei'er Road in Jinan, the milling machine can process 200 square meters of damaged road surface per hour, which is 40 times more efficient than manual chiseling. The waste materials generated by milling can be recycled, with a recycling rate of over 85%.
二、選型決策的關(guān)鍵因素
2、 Key factors in selection decision-making
1. 施工場(chǎng)景適配
1. Construction scene adaptation
新建道路：優(yōu)先選擇大寬度攤鋪機(jī)（≥9 米）和重型壓路機(jī)（≥25 噸），某工程測(cè)算顯示，這種組合可使施工效率提升 35%。
New road construction: Priority should be given to wide width pavers (≥ 9 meters) and heavy-duty rollers (≥ 25 tons). According to calculations from a certain project, this combination can increase construction efficiency by 35%.
舊路維修：需配備小型銑刨機(jī)（≤1.2 米銑刨寬度）和輕型壓路機(jī)（≤8 噸），某市政公司經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明，這類設(shè)備在狹窄路段的施工效率比大型設(shè)備高 60%。
Old road maintenance: Small milling machines (≤ 1.2 meters milling width) and lightweight rollers (≤ 8 tons) are required. The experience of a municipal company shows that the construction efficiency of such equipment in narrow road sections is 60% higher than that of large equipment.
2. 材料特性匹配
2. Material characteristic matching
瀝青混合料：根據(jù)集料粒徑選擇攤鋪機(jī)振搗頻率，粗粒式瀝青需采用低頻高幅振搗（2000-2500 次 / 分鐘），細(xì)粒式則用高頻低幅（3000-3500 次 / 分鐘）。
Asphalt mixture: Select the compaction frequency of the paver according to the particle size of the aggregate. Coarse grained asphalt should be compacted with low frequency and high amplitude (2000-2500 times/minute), while fine-grained asphalt should be compacted with high frequency and low amplitude (3000-3500 times/minute).
水泥穩(wěn)定碎石：壓路機(jī)需采用 “先輕后重、先慢后快” 的壓實(shí)工藝，某實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，最佳壓實(shí)速度為 2-4km/h，過快會(huì)導(dǎo)致結(jié)構(gòu)松散。
Cement stabilized crushed stone: The roller needs to adopt a compaction process of "light first, heavy second, slow first, fast second". Experimental data shows that the optimal compaction speed is 2-4 km/h, and too fast will cause the structure to loosen.
3. 氣候條件應(yīng)對(duì)
3. Climate response
高溫施工：攤鋪機(jī)需配備噴霧降溫裝置，某測(cè)試顯示，該裝置可使瀝青混合料溫度損失減少 20℃，確保攤鋪質(zhì)量。
High temperature construction: the paver needs to be equipped with a spray cooling device. A test shows that the device can reduce the temperature loss of asphalt mixture by 20 ℃ to ensure the paving quality.
冬季施工：壓路機(jī)需加裝保溫罩，某工程案例表明，保溫罩可使碾壓溫度保持在 120℃以上，滿足施工規(guī)范要求。
Winter construction: The roller needs to be equipped with an insulation cover. A certain engineering case shows that the insulation cover can keep the rolling temperature above 120 ℃, meeting the construction specifications.
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